Dentoword : Today's Word is 'Tooth Enamel'

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Learn your dental terms with detailed explanation 

Today's word is " Tooth Enamel" 

Tooth Enamel :Our Smile's Invisible Guard.

Definition :

Tooth enamel forms a protective covering of variable thickness over the entire surface of the crown.

Composition of Tooth Enamel :

• The  enamel consists mainly of inorganic material (96%) & only a small amount of organic substance & water (4%). 

• The inorganic material of the enamel is hydroxyapatite. It's chemical formula Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂.
• The organic material consists of some unique proteins and lipids .
• The proteins found in the enamel are of 2 main groups - The amelogenins & non-amelogenins.

Structure of Tooth Enamel :

The enamel is composed of enamel rods or prisms ,rod sheaths a cementing interprismatic substance. This unique structure contributes to its exceptional strength & durability.

 

A decalcified section of enamel from a human tooth germ shows rods cut transversely, resembling the appearance of fish scales.

Function of Tooth Enamel :

1. Protection : Tooth enamel is to protect the underlying dentin & pulp from physical & chemical damage.

2. Barrier against Bacteria & Acids : It prevents entry of bacteria and acids from eroding the inner tooth structure.

3. Decay prevention : 

Enamel prevents tooth cavities due to its hard and durable nature.

4. Temperature Regulation : 

Enamel insulating the teeth from extreme temperature and protecting the inner layers from sensitivity.

Properties of Tooth Enamel:

A. Translucent : It allowing the colour of the dentin beneath to show through.

B. Hardness : Tooth enamel is harder than bone.

C. Brittleness : Despite it's hardness ,enamel is brittle and can chip or crack under excessive force.

Development of Tooth Enamel :

• Enamel formation begins at the early crown stage of tooth development & is carried out by specialized cells called ameloblasts.
• These cells produce an enamel matrix, which then mineralizes and hardens.
• Unlike other tissues, enamel cannot regenerate once damaged because ameloblasts undergo apoptosis after the formation of enamel.

Care & Maintenance of Tooth Enamel :

1. Oral hygiene practices :

Brush with fluoride toothpaste and floss is help to remove plaque and prevent decay.

2. Limit sugary & acidic foods : 

These can erode enamel over time .

3. Regular Dental check-ups :

Professional cleaning and check-ups can catch early signs of enamel breakdown or erosion.

Potential Problems Faced by Tooth Enamel :

1. Erosion

2. Abrasion

3. Attrition 

4. Demineralization of tooth enamel.

Restorative treatment :

Fluoride Application : Strengthens the remaining enamel and help to resist decay.

Restorative Dentistry:

Crowns,veneers and bonding can restore function and appearance when enamel loss is severe.

Conclusion:

Tooth enamel is vital for protecting your smile from decay and damage. By understanding its importance and caring for it properly, you can ensure a healthy, bright smile for a lifetime.Prioritize good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental check-ups to keep your enamel strong and your teeth shining.

References :

1.Orban's Oral Histology and Embryology G. S. Kumar

Elsevier India, 15 Jul 2011

2.Image credit : Stock.adobe.com

3.Image credit : www.freepik.com